Says Franklin—My intention being to acquire the habit
of all these virtues I judgesd it would be well not to distract
my attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix
it on one of them at a time & when I should be master of
that, then to procede to another, & so on till I should have
gone through the 13. And as the previous acquisition of some
might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I aranged
them with this view as they stand above. Temperance first
as it tends to procure that cooleness & clearness of head
which is so necessary whare constant vigilance was to be up
and a guard maintained against the unremiting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations.
This being acquired and esstablished Silence would be more
easy and my desire begiing to gaing knowledge at the same time
that I improved in virtue & considering that in conver-
sation it was obtained rather by the use of the ear than of
the tongue, and therefore wishing to break a habit I was
getting unto of prattling, punning, and jesting which ownly
made me acceptable to trifling company. I gave silence the
second place this and the next order I expected would
allow me more time for attending to my project and my
studies. Resolution once become habitual would keep me
firm in my endeavours to obtain all the subsequent virtues
Frugality and industry releiving me from my remaining debt
and producing affluence and independance would make more
The names of virtues with their precepts were
1st Temperance—Eat not to dulness; drink not to elevation
2nd Silence—Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself
avoid trifling conversation
3rd Order—Let all your things have their places. let each part
of your business have its time
4th Resolution—Resolve to perform what you ought perform
without fail what you resolve
5 Frugality—Make no expens but to do good to others or yourself
that is waste nothing
6th Industry—Lose no time be always employed in somthing useful
cut off all unnecessary action
7th Sincerity—Use no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly
And if you speak speak accordingly
8th Justice—wrong none by doing injuries or omitting the benefits
that are your duty
9th Moderation—Avoid extremes forbear resenting injuries so much
as you think they deserve
10 Cleanliness—Tolerate no uncleanliness in boby, clothes or
habitation
11th Tranquility—Be not disturbed at trifles or at accidents
common or unavoidable
12 Chastity . . . . .
13 Humility—Imitate Jesus and Socrates
Says Franklin: My intention being to acquire the habit
of all these virtues I judged it would be well not to distract
my attention by attempting the whole at once but to fit
it on one of them at a time & when I should be master of
that, then to procede to another, & so on till I should have
gone through the 13. And as the previous acquisition of some
might facilitate the acquisition of certain others I aranged
them with this view as they stand above. Temperance first
as it tends to procure that cooleness & clearness of head
which is so necessary whare constant vigilance was to be up
and a guard maintained against the unremiting attraction
of ancient habits and the force of perpetual temptations.
This being acquired and esstablished. Silence would be more
easy and my desire being to gain knowledge at the same time
that I improved in virtue & considering that in conversation it was obtained rather by the use of the ear than of
the tongue, and therefore wishing to break a habit I was
getting unto of prattling, punning, and jesting which ownly
made me acceptable to trifling company. I gave silence the
second place this and the next order I expected would
allow me more time for attending to my project and my
studies. Resolution once become habitual would keep me
firm in my endeavours to obtain all the subsequent virtues
Frugality and industry releiving me from my remaining debt
and producing affluence and independance would make more
"Journal (January 1, 1854 – December 31, 1859)," February 6, 1854, The Wilford Woodruff Papers, accessed November 28, 2024, https://wilfordwoodruffpapers.org/p/41k